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References<\/h1>\r\n
The reference list for this chapter has been excluded from this file to reduce page count. The full reference list can be viewed online at opentextbc.ca\/psychologymtdi\/chapter\/cognition-chapter-resources\/ and opentextbc.ca\/psychologymtdi\/chapter\/intelligence-language-chapter-resources\/.<\/div>\r\n \r\n
\r\n

Allen, S. W., & Brooks, L. R. (1991). Specializing the operation of an explicit rule. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 120<\/em>, 3\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0096-3445.120.1.3<\/p>\r\n

Anglin, J. M. (1977). Word, object, and conceptual developmen<\/em>t. Norton.<\/p>\r\n

Antoine, A., Mason, R., Mason, R., Palahicky, S. & de France, C. R. (2018). Pulling together: A guide for curriculum developers.<\/em> BC Campus. https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/indigenizationcurriculumdevelopers\/<\/p>\r\n

Bennett, M. W. (2014). Confronting cognitive \u2018anchoring effect\u2019 and \u2018blind spot\u2019 biases in federal sentencing: A modest solution for reforming and fundamental flaw. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology<\/em>, 104<\/em>(3), 489-534.<\/p>\r\n

Berlin, B. (1992). Ethnobiological classification: Principles of categorization of plants and animals in traditional societies<\/em>. Princeton University Press.<\/p>\r\n

Blackstock, Cindy. (2007). The breath of life versus the embodiment of life: Indigenous knowledge and western research. https:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=62c3a8948620060677d50b30d7b29b34bc10ee99<\/p>\r\n

Brown, R. (1958). How shall a thing be called? Psychological Review, 65<\/em>, 14\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0041727<\/p>\r\n

Darley, J. M., & Gross, P. H. (1983). A hypothesis-confirming bias in labeling effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44<\/em>, 20\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.44.1.20<\/p>\r\n

Duncker, K. (1945). On problem-solving. Psychological Monographs, 58<\/em>(5), i\u2013113.<\/p>\r\n

Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance<\/em>. Row, Peterson.<\/p>\r\n

Frimer, J. A., Skitka, L. J., & Motyl, M. (2017) Liberals and conservatives are similarly motivated to avoid exposure to one another\u2019s opinions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 72<\/em>, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jesp.2017.04.003<\/p>\r\n

Garrod, S., & Sanford, A. (1977). Interpreting anaphoric relations: The integration of semantic information while reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16<\/em>(1), 77\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5371(77)80009-1<\/p>\r\n

Hampton, J. A. (1979). Polymorphous concepts in semantic memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 18<\/em>, 441\u2013461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5371(79)90246-9<\/p>\r\n

Horton, M. S., & Markman, E. M. (1980). Developmental differences in the acquisition of basic and superordinate categories. Child Development<\/em>, 51, 708\u2013719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1129456<\/p>\r\n

Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. <\/em>Farrar, Straus and Giroux.<\/p>\r\n

Kahneman, D., & Miller, D. T. (1986). Norm theory: Comparing reality to its alternatives. Psychological Review, 93<\/em>, 136\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.93.2.136<\/p>\r\n

Kepin (2015). Nohtawinan<\/em>. Kepin\u2019s Cree Language Blog https:\/\/creelanguage.wordpress.com\/2015\/05\/25\/nohtawinan\/<\/p>\r\n

LaMarre, H. L., Landreville, K. D., & Beam, M. A. (2009). The irony of satire: Political ideology and the motivation to see what you want to see in the Colbert Report. The International Journal of Press\/Politics<\/em>, 14(2), 212-231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/194016120833090<\/p>\r\n

Liu, Y. & Almor, T. (2014). How culture influences the way entrepreneurs deal with uncertainty in inter-organizational relationships: The case of returnee versus local entrepreneurs in China. International Business Review, 25<\/em>(1), 4-14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ibusrev.2014.11.002<\/p>\r\n

Lord, C. G., Lepper, M. R., & Preston, E. (1984). Considering the opposite: A corrective strategy for social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74<\/em>(6), 1231\u20131243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.47.6.1231<\/p>\r\n

MacLeod, C., & Campbell, L. (1992). Memory accessibility and probability judgments: An experimental evaluation of the availability heuristic. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63<\/em>(6), 890\u2013902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.63.6.890<\/p>\r\n

Maddox, W. T., & Ashby, F. G. (2004). Dissociating explicit and procedural-based systems of perceptual category learning. Behavioural Processes, 66<\/em>, 309\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beproc.2004.03.011<\/p>\r\n

Maddux, W.M. & Yuki, M. (2006). The ripple effect: Cultural differences in perceptions of the consequences of events. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32<\/em>(5), 669-683.<\/p>\r\n

Mandler, J. M. (2004). The foundations of mind: Origins of conceptual thought<\/em>. Oxford University Press.<\/p>\r\n

Mareschal, D., Quinn, P. C., & Lea, S. E. G. (Eds.). (2010). The making of human concepts<\/em>. Oxford University Press.<\/p>\r\n

Masuda, T. & Nisbett, R.E. (2001). Attending holistically versus analytically: Comparing the context sensitivity of Japanese and Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81<\/em>(5), 922\u2013934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.81.5.922<\/p>\r\n

McCloskey, M. E., & Glucksberg, S. (1978). Natural categories: Well defined or fuzzy sets? Memory & Cognition, 6<\/em>, 462\u2013472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03197480<\/p>\r\n

Medin, D. L., & Schaffer, M. M. (1978). Context theory of classification learning. Psychological Review<\/em>, 85, 207\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.85.3.207<\/p>\r\n

Medvec, V. H., Madey, S. F., & Gilovich, T. (1995). When less is more: Counterfactual thinking and satisfaction among Olympic medalists. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology<\/em>, 69(4), 603\u2013610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.69.4.603<\/p>\r\n

Mervis, C. B. (1987). Child-basic object categories and early lexical development. In U. Neisser (Ed.), Concepts and conceptual development: Ecological and intellectual factors in categorization<\/em> (pp. 201\u2013233). Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\r\n

Mervis, C. B., & Pani, J. R. (1980). Acquisition of basic object categories. Cognitive Psychology, 12<\/em>(4), 496\u2013522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0010-0285(80)90018-3<\/p>\r\n

Miller, D. T., Turnbull, W., & McFarland, C. (1988). Particularistic and universalistic evaluation in the social comparison process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology<\/em>, 55, 908\u2013917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.55.6.908<\/p>\r\n

Murphy, G. L. (2020). Categories and concepts. In R. Biswas-Diener & E. Diener (Eds), Noba textbook series: Psychology.<\/em> Noba. http:\/\/noba.to\/6vu4cpkt<\/p>\r\n

Murphy, G. L., & Allopenna, P. D. (1994). The locus of knowledge effects in concept learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20<\/em>, 904\u2013919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0278-7393.20.4.904<\/p>\r\n

Murphy, G. L., & Brownell, H. H. (1985). Category differentiation in object recognition: Typicality constraints on the basic category advantage. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 11<\/em>, 70\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0278-7393.11.1.70<\/p>\r\n

Norenzayan, A., Smith, E. E., Kim, B. J., & Nisbett, R. E. (2002). Cultural preferences for formal versus intuitive reasoning. Cognitive Science, 26<\/em>, 653\u2013684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15516709cog2605_4<\/p>\r\n

Onishi, K., Murphy, G., & Bock, K. (2008). Prototypicality in sentence production. Cognitive psychology, 56<\/em>(2), 103-141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2007.04.001<\/p>\r\n

Poses, R. M., & Anthony, M. (1991). Availability, wishful thinking, and physicians\u2019 diagnostic judgments for patients with suspected bacteremia. Medical Decision Making, 11<\/em>, 159-68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0272989X91011003<\/p>\r\n

Reser, D., Simmons, M., Johns, E., Ghaly, A., Quayle, M., Dordevic, A.L., Tare, M., McArdle, A., Willems, J., Yunkaporta, T. (2021). Australian Aboriginal techniques for memorization: Translation into a medical and allied health education setting. PLoS One<\/em>, 16(5): e0251710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0251710<\/p>\r\n

Rips, L. J., Shoben, E. J., & Smith E. E. (1973). Semantic distance and the verification of semantic distance. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 12<\/em>(1), 1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5371(73)80056-8<\/p>\r\n

Roese, N. (2005). If only: How to turn regret into opportunity<\/em>. Broadway Books.<\/p>\r\n

Rosch, E. (1973). On the internal structure of perceptual and semantic categories. In T. E. Moore (Ed.), Cognitive development and the acquisition of language <\/em>(pp. 111\u2013144). Academic Press.<\/p>\r\n

Rosch, E., & Mervis, C. B. (1975). Family resemblance: Studies in the internal structure of categories. Cognitive Psychology<\/em>, 7, 573\u2013605.<\/p>\r\n

Rosch, E., Mervis, C. B., Gray, W., Johnson, D., & Boyes-Braem, P. (1976). Basic objects in natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 8<\/em>, 382\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0010-0285(76)90013-X<\/p>\r\n

Rosch, E., Simpson, C., & Miller, R. S. (1976). Structural bases of typicality effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2<\/em>, 491\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0096-1523.2.4.491<\/p>\r\n

Rutledge, R. W. (1993). The effects of group decisions and group-shifts on use of the anchoring and adjustment heuristic. Social Behavior and Personality, 21<\/em>(3), 215-226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2224\/sbp.1993.21.3.215<\/p>\r\n

Smith, E. E., & Medin, D. L. (1981). Categories and concepts<\/em>. Harvard University Press.<\/p>\r\n

Smith, J. D., & Minda, J. P. (1998). Prototypes in the mist: The early epochs of category learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 24<\/em>, 1411\u20131436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0278-7393.24.6.1411<\/p>\r\n

Statistics Canada. (2018). Homicide in Canada, 2017<\/em>. Retrieved from https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/85-002-x\/2018001\/article\/54980-eng.htm<\/p>\r\n

Talhelm, T., Zhang, X., Oishi, S., Shimin, C., Duan, D., Lan, X., Kitayama, S. (2014). Large-scale psychological differences within China explained by rice versus wheat agriculture. Science<\/em>, 344<\/em>(6184), 603-608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1246850<\/p>\r\n

Tanaka, J. W., & Taylor, M. E. (1991). Object categories and expertise: Is the basic level in the eye of the beholder? Cognitive Psychology, 15<\/em>, 121\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0010-0285(91)90016-H<\/p>\r\n

Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5<\/em>, 207\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0010-0285(73)90033-9<\/p>\r\n

Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211<\/em>(4481), 453\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.7455683<\/p>\r\n

Wisniewski, E. J., & Murphy, G. L. (1989). Superordinate and basic category names in discourse: A textual analysis. Discourse Processes, 12<\/em>, 245\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01638538909544728<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Chapter Attribution<\/h1>\r\n\"Cognition\" by Dinesh Ramoo is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Licence<\/a>. It was adapted from the \"Chapter 8. Cognition\" chapter in Psychology \u2013 1st Canadian Edition<\/em><\/a> by Sally Walters, which is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Licence<\/a>.","rendered":"

References<\/h1>\n
The reference list for this chapter has been excluded from this file to reduce page count. The full reference list can be viewed online at opentextbc.ca\/psychologymtdi\/chapter\/cognition-chapter-resources\/ and opentextbc.ca\/psychologymtdi\/chapter\/intelligence-language-chapter-resources\/.<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Allen, S. W., & Brooks, L. R. (1991). Specializing the operation of an explicit rule. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 120<\/em>, 3\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0096-3445.120.1.3<\/p>\n

Anglin, J. M. (1977). Word, object, and conceptual developmen<\/em>t. Norton.<\/p>\n

Antoine, A., Mason, R., Mason, R., Palahicky, S. & de France, C. R. (2018). Pulling together: A guide for curriculum developers.<\/em> BC Campus. https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/indigenizationcurriculumdevelopers\/<\/p>\n

Bennett, M. W. (2014). Confronting cognitive \u2018anchoring effect\u2019 and \u2018blind spot\u2019 biases in federal sentencing: A modest solution for reforming and fundamental flaw. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology<\/em>, 104<\/em>(3), 489-534.<\/p>\n

Berlin, B. (1992). Ethnobiological classification: Principles of categorization of plants and animals in traditional societies<\/em>. Princeton University Press.<\/p>\n

Blackstock, Cindy. (2007). The breath of life versus the embodiment of life: Indigenous knowledge and western research. https:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=62c3a8948620060677d50b30d7b29b34bc10ee99<\/p>\n

Brown, R. (1958). How shall a thing be called? Psychological Review, 65<\/em>, 14\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0041727<\/p>\n

Darley, J. M., & Gross, P. H. (1983). A hypothesis-confirming bias in labeling effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44<\/em>, 20\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.44.1.20<\/p>\n

Duncker, K. (1945). On problem-solving. Psychological Monographs, 58<\/em>(5), i\u2013113.<\/p>\n

Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance<\/em>. Row, Peterson.<\/p>\n

Frimer, J. A., Skitka, L. J., & Motyl, M. (2017) Liberals and conservatives are similarly motivated to avoid exposure to one another\u2019s opinions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 72<\/em>, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jesp.2017.04.003<\/p>\n

Garrod, S., & Sanford, A. (1977). Interpreting anaphoric relations: The integration of semantic information while reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16<\/em>(1), 77\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5371(77)80009-1<\/p>\n

Hampton, J. A. (1979). Polymorphous concepts in semantic memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 18<\/em>, 441\u2013461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5371(79)90246-9<\/p>\n

Horton, M. S., & Markman, E. M. (1980). Developmental differences in the acquisition of basic and superordinate categories. Child Development<\/em>, 51, 708\u2013719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1129456<\/p>\n

Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. <\/em>Farrar, Straus and Giroux.<\/p>\n

Kahneman, D., & Miller, D. T. (1986). Norm theory: Comparing reality to its alternatives. Psychological Review, 93<\/em>, 136\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.93.2.136<\/p>\n

Kepin (2015). Nohtawinan<\/em>. Kepin\u2019s Cree Language Blog https:\/\/creelanguage.wordpress.com\/2015\/05\/25\/nohtawinan\/<\/p>\n

LaMarre, H. L., Landreville, K. D., & Beam, M. A. (2009). The irony of satire: Political ideology and the motivation to see what you want to see in the Colbert Report. The International Journal of Press\/Politics<\/em>, 14(2), 212-231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/194016120833090<\/p>\n

Liu, Y. & Almor, T. (2014). How culture influences the way entrepreneurs deal with uncertainty in inter-organizational relationships: The case of returnee versus local entrepreneurs in China. International Business Review, 25<\/em>(1), 4-14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ibusrev.2014.11.002<\/p>\n

Lord, C. G., Lepper, M. R., & Preston, E. (1984). Considering the opposite: A corrective strategy for social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74<\/em>(6), 1231\u20131243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.47.6.1231<\/p>\n

MacLeod, C., & Campbell, L. (1992). Memory accessibility and probability judgments: An experimental evaluation of the availability heuristic. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63<\/em>(6), 890\u2013902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.63.6.890<\/p>\n

Maddox, W. T., & Ashby, F. G. (2004). Dissociating explicit and procedural-based systems of perceptual category learning. Behavioural Processes, 66<\/em>, 309\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beproc.2004.03.011<\/p>\n

Maddux, W.M. & Yuki, M. (2006). The ripple effect: Cultural differences in perceptions of the consequences of events. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32<\/em>(5), 669-683.<\/p>\n

Mandler, J. M. (2004). The foundations of mind: Origins of conceptual thought<\/em>. Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n

Mareschal, D., Quinn, P. C., & Lea, S. E. G. (Eds.). (2010). The making of human concepts<\/em>. Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n

Masuda, T. & Nisbett, R.E. (2001). Attending holistically versus analytically: Comparing the context sensitivity of Japanese and Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81<\/em>(5), 922\u2013934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.81.5.922<\/p>\n

McCloskey, M. E., & Glucksberg, S. (1978). Natural categories: Well defined or fuzzy sets? Memory & Cognition, 6<\/em>, 462\u2013472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03197480<\/p>\n

Medin, D. L., & Schaffer, M. M. (1978). Context theory of classification learning. Psychological Review<\/em>, 85, 207\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.85.3.207<\/p>\n

Medvec, V. H., Madey, S. F., & Gilovich, T. (1995). When less is more: Counterfactual thinking and satisfaction among Olympic medalists. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology<\/em>, 69(4), 603\u2013610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.69.4.603<\/p>\n

Mervis, C. B. (1987). Child-basic object categories and early lexical development. In U. Neisser (Ed.), Concepts and conceptual development: Ecological and intellectual factors in categorization<\/em> (pp. 201\u2013233). Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\n

Mervis, C. B., & Pani, J. R. (1980). Acquisition of basic object categories. Cognitive Psychology, 12<\/em>(4), 496\u2013522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0010-0285(80)90018-3<\/p>\n

Miller, D. T., Turnbull, W., & McFarland, C. (1988). Particularistic and universalistic evaluation in the social comparison process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology<\/em>, 55, 908\u2013917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.55.6.908<\/p>\n

Murphy, G. L. (2020). Categories and concepts. In R. Biswas-Diener & E. Diener (Eds), Noba textbook series: Psychology.<\/em> Noba. http:\/\/noba.to\/6vu4cpkt<\/p>\n

Murphy, G. L., & Allopenna, P. D. (1994). The locus of knowledge effects in concept learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20<\/em>, 904\u2013919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0278-7393.20.4.904<\/p>\n

Murphy, G. L., & Brownell, H. H. (1985). Category differentiation in object recognition: Typicality constraints on the basic category advantage. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 11<\/em>, 70\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0278-7393.11.1.70<\/p>\n

Norenzayan, A., Smith, E. E., Kim, B. J., & Nisbett, R. E. (2002). Cultural preferences for formal versus intuitive reasoning. Cognitive Science, 26<\/em>, 653\u2013684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15516709cog2605_4<\/p>\n

Onishi, K., Murphy, G., & Bock, K. (2008). Prototypicality in sentence production. Cognitive psychology, 56<\/em>(2), 103-141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2007.04.001<\/p>\n

Poses, R. M., & Anthony, M. (1991). Availability, wishful thinking, and physicians\u2019 diagnostic judgments for patients with suspected bacteremia. Medical Decision Making, 11<\/em>, 159-68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0272989X91011003<\/p>\n

Reser, D., Simmons, M., Johns, E., Ghaly, A., Quayle, M., Dordevic, A.L., Tare, M., McArdle, A., Willems, J., Yunkaporta, T. (2021). Australian Aboriginal techniques for memorization: Translation into a medical and allied health education setting. PLoS One<\/em>, 16(5): e0251710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0251710<\/p>\n

Rips, L. J., Shoben, E. J., & Smith E. E. (1973). Semantic distance and the verification of semantic distance. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 12<\/em>(1), 1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5371(73)80056-8<\/p>\n

Roese, N. (2005). If only: How to turn regret into opportunity<\/em>. Broadway Books.<\/p>\n

Rosch, E. (1973). On the internal structure of perceptual and semantic categories. In T. E. Moore (Ed.), Cognitive development and the acquisition of language <\/em>(pp. 111\u2013144). Academic Press.<\/p>\n

Rosch, E., & Mervis, C. B. (1975). Family resemblance: Studies in the internal structure of categories. Cognitive Psychology<\/em>, 7, 573\u2013605.<\/p>\n

Rosch, E., Mervis, C. B., Gray, W., Johnson, D., & Boyes-Braem, P. (1976). Basic objects in natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 8<\/em>, 382\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0010-0285(76)90013-X<\/p>\n

Rosch, E., Simpson, C., & Miller, R. S. (1976). Structural bases of typicality effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2<\/em>, 491\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0096-1523.2.4.491<\/p>\n

Rutledge, R. W. (1993). The effects of group decisions and group-shifts on use of the anchoring and adjustment heuristic. Social Behavior and Personality, 21<\/em>(3), 215-226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2224\/sbp.1993.21.3.215<\/p>\n

Smith, E. E., & Medin, D. L. (1981). Categories and concepts<\/em>. Harvard University Press.<\/p>\n

Smith, J. D., & Minda, J. P. (1998). Prototypes in the mist: The early epochs of category learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 24<\/em>, 1411\u20131436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0278-7393.24.6.1411<\/p>\n

Statistics Canada. (2018). Homicide in Canada, 2017<\/em>. Retrieved from https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/85-002-x\/2018001\/article\/54980-eng.htm<\/p>\n

Talhelm, T., Zhang, X., Oishi, S., Shimin, C., Duan, D., Lan, X., Kitayama, S. (2014). Large-scale psychological differences within China explained by rice versus wheat agriculture. Science<\/em>, 344<\/em>(6184), 603-608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1246850<\/p>\n

Tanaka, J. W., & Taylor, M. E. (1991). Object categories and expertise: Is the basic level in the eye of the beholder? Cognitive Psychology, 15<\/em>, 121\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0010-0285(91)90016-H<\/p>\n

Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5<\/em>, 207\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0010-0285(73)90033-9<\/p>\n

Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211<\/em>(4481), 453\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.7455683<\/p>\n

Wisniewski, E. J., & Murphy, G. L. (1989). Superordinate and basic category names in discourse: A textual analysis. Discourse Processes, 12<\/em>, 245\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01638538909544728<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Chapter Attribution<\/h1>\n

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