{"id":426,"date":"2020-01-27T15:56:47","date_gmt":"2020-01-27T15:56:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/opentextbooks.concordia.ca\/fundamentalsofhealthandphysicalactivity\/?post_type=chapter&p=426"},"modified":"2020-11-25T21:22:37","modified_gmt":"2020-11-25T21:22:37","slug":"2-2-3-weight-management-recommendations","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbooks.concordia.ca\/fundamentalsofhealthandphysicalactivity\/chapter\/2-2-3-weight-management-recommendations\/","title":{"raw":"2.3.3. Weight Management Recommendations","rendered":"2.3.3. Weight Management Recommendations"},"content":{"raw":"
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Weight Management<\/h1>\r\nSuccessful weight loss is defined as individuals intentionally losing at least 10 percent of their body weight and keeping it off for at least one year<\/b>.[footnote]Wing RR, Hill JO. Successful Weight Loss Maintenance. Annu Rev Nutr. 2001; 21, 323\u201341. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11375440?dopt=Abstract. Accessed September 22, 2017. Wing RR, Hill JO. Successful Weight Loss Maintenance. Annu Rev Nutr. 2001; 21, 323\u201341. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11375440?dopt=Abstract. Accessed September 22, 2017.[\/footnote] Results from lifestyle intervention studies suggest fewer than 20 percent of participants are successful at weight loss<\/b>.\r\n\r\nThe National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) tracks over ten thousand people who have been successful in losing at least 30 pounds and maintaining this weight loss for at least one year. Their research findings are that 98% of participants in the registry modified their food intake and 94% increased their physical activity (mainly walking)<\/b>.[footnote]Research Findings. The National Weight Control Registry. http:\/\/www.nwcr.ws\/Research\/default.htm. Accessed September 22, 2017.[\/footnote]\r\n\r\nAlthough there are a great variety of approaches taken by NWCR members to achieve successful weight loss, most report that their approach involved adhering to a low-calorie, low-fat diet and doing high levels of activity (about one hour of exercise per day). Moreover, most members eat breakfast every day, watch fewer than ten hours of television per week, and weigh themselves at least once per week<\/b>. About half of them lost weight on their own, and the other half used some type of weight-loss program. In most scientific studies successful weight loss is accomplished only by changing the diet and by increasing physical activity<\/b>. Doing one without the other limits the amount of weight lost and the length of time that weight loss is sustained. On an individual level it is quite possible to achieve successful weight loss, as over ten thousand Americans can attest. Moreover, losing as little as 10 percent (i.e. 18 lbs for an individual weighing 180 lbs) of your body weight can significantly improve health and reduce disease risk<\/b>.[footnote]Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: The Evidence Report. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. 1998, 51S\u2013210S. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK2003\/. Accessed September 22, 2017.[\/footnote]\r\n\r\nYou do not have to be overweight or obese to reap benefits from eating a healthier diet and increasing physical activity as both provide numerous benefits beyond weight loss and maintenance.\r\n

The \u201cSmall-Change\u201d Approach<\/h1>\r\nGradual rise in overweight is happening because, on average, people consume slightly more calories daily than they expend, resulting in a gradual weight gain of one to two pounds \u00a0(0.45-0.91 kg) a year.\u00a0In 2003 the idea was first published that promoting small lifestyle changes to reduce weight gain occurring over time in all age groups may better reduce obesity rates in the American population.[footnote]Hill JO. Can a Small-Changes Approach Help Address the Obesity Epidemic? A Report of the Joint Task Force of the American Society for Nutrition, Institute of Food Technologists, and International Food Information Council. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009; 89(2), 477\u201384. http:\/\/www.ajcn.org\/content\/89\/2\/477.long. Accessed September 22, 2017.[\/footnote]\r\n\r\nScientific studies have demonstrated that asking people to increase the number of steps they take each day while providing them with pedometers that count the steps they take each day successfully prevented weight gain. A \u201csmall-changes\u201d study published in the October 2007 issue of Pediatrics evaluated whether families that made two small lifestyle changes, which were to walk an additional two thousand steps per day and to eliminate 100 kilocalories per day from their typical diet by replacing dietary sugar with a noncaloric sweetener, would prevent weight gain in overweight children.[footnote]Rodearmel SJ, Wyatt HR, et al. Small Changes in Dietary Sugar and Physical Activity As an Approach to Preventing Excessive Weight Gain: The America on the Move Family Study. Pediatrics. 2007; 120(4), e869\u201379. http:\/\/pediatrics.aappublications.org\/content\/120\/4\/e869.long. Accessed September 22, 2017.[\/footnote] The results of this study were that a higher percentage of children who made the small changes maintained or reduced their BMI in comparison to children of families given a pedometer but not asked to also make physical activity or dietary changes.[footnote]Rodearmel SJ, Wyatt HR, et al. Small Changes in Dietary Sugar and Physical Activity As an Approach to Preventing Excessive Weight Gain: The America on the Move Family Study. Pediatrics. 2007; 120(4), e869\u201379. http:\/\/pediatrics.aappublications.org\/content\/120\/4\/e869.long. Accessed September 22, 2017.[\/footnote] Several more studies funded by the National Institutes of Health and USDA are ongoing and are evaluating the effectiveness of the \u201csmall-changes\u201d approach in reducing weight gain.\r\n\r\nIn 2009, a report of the Joint Task Force of the American Society for Nutrition, Institute of Food Technologists, and International Food Information Council proposed that the \u201csmall-changes\u201d approach when supported at the community, industry, and governmental levels will be more effective than current strategies in gradually reducing the obesity rate in America.[footnote]Hill JO. Can a Small-Changes Approach Help Address the Obesity Epidemic? A Report of the Joint Task Force of the American Society for Nutrition, Institute of Food Technologists, and International Food Information Council. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009; 89(2), 477\u201384. http:\/\/www.ajcn.org\/content\/89\/2\/477.long. Accessed September 22, 2017.[\/footnote]\r\n\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n